Practice Areas & Services

Becoming a U.S. Citizen is the culmination of an immigrant’s journey in the United
States. Taking the Oath of Allegiance is an empowering moment for the newly minted
citizen, their family, and their community. It vests the right of suffrage giving the holder a
voice and a pen to use in choosing the leaders of the nation.

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security offers plenty of resources for interested
applicants for naturalization through its Citizenship Resource Center which lays out
important rights and responsibilities of citizenship and the reasons to consider becoming
a citizen, the different ways to obtain citizenship, and information on the naturalization
test and interview.

There are many special rules, and we will help you navigate them. There are people who
have already acquired U.S. Citizenship at birth or after birth. Current or former members
of the U.S. military to whom certain other naturalization requirements, e.g., physical
presence, may not apply. There are people with certain kinds of disability who are
exempted from taking the test. There are strategies to keep your timetable for becoming a
U.S. Citizen if your job requires you to stay outside the country. There are many other
nuances in the law that could either become opportunities that we will help you take or
pitfalls that we will guide you to avoid.

  • E-1 Treaty Traders
    The E-1 nonimmigrant classification allows a national of a treaty country (a
    country with which the United States maintains a treaty of commerce and
    navigation, or which the United States maintains a qualifying international
    agreement, or which has been deemed a qualifying country by legislation) to be admitted to the United States solely to engage in international trade on his or her own behalf. Certain employees of such a person or of a qualifying organization may also be eligible for this classification.

    See U.S. Department of State’s Treaty Countries for a current list of countries with
    which the United States maintains a treaty of commerce and navigation.

  • E-2 Treaty Investors
    The E-2 nonimmigrant classification allows a national of a treaty country (a

    country with which the United States maintains a treaty of commerce and
    navigation, or with which the United States maintains a qualifying international
    agreement, or which has been deemed a qualifying country by legislation) to be admitted to the United States when investing a substantial amount of capital in a U.S. business. Certain employees of such a person or of a qualifying organization may also be eligible for this classification. 

    See U.S. Department of State’s Treaty Countries for a current list of countries with
    which the United States maintains a treaty of commerce and navigation.

  • E-3 Certain Specialty Occupation professionals from Australia
    The E-3 nonimmigrant classification is for nationals of Australia who have a
    legitimate offer of employment in a specialty occupation in the United States.
  • H-1B Specialty Occupations and Professional Workers (Professors and non-
    Professors)
    The H-1B nonimmigrant classification authorizes the beneficiary to work and
    perform services in a specialty occupation, services of exceptional merit and
    ability relating to a Department of Defense (DOD) cooperative research and
    development project, or services as a fashion model of distinguished merit or ability.

    H-1B petitions can be portable from one job to another whether they are currently employed or have been terminated (within a specific time; see Options for Nonimmigrant Workers Following Termination of Employment for further information).

  • L-1A and L-1B Intracompany Transfers; and their L-2 FamilyThe L-1A nonimmigrant classification enables a U.S. employer to transfer an
    executive or manager from one of its affiliated foreign offices to one of its offices
    in the United States. This classification also enables a foreign company that does
    not yet have an affiliated U.S. office to send an executive or manager to the
    United States with the purpose of establishing one.

    The L-1B nonimmigrant classification enables a U.S. employer to transfer a
    professional employee with specialized knowledge relating to the organization’s
    interests from one of its affiliated foreign offices to one of its offices in the United States. This classification also enables a foreign company that does not yet have an affiliated U.S. office to send a specialized knowledge employee to the United States to help establish one.

    The L-2 nonimmigrant classification is for the spouse and unmarried children
    (who are under 21 years of age) who are accompanying the L-1A and L-1B
    nonimmigrant.

  • O-1 Individuals with Extraordinary Ability or Achievement; and their O-2 Team and O-3 Family
    The O-1 nonimmigrant visa is for the individual who possesses extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics, or who has a demonstrated record of extraordinary achievement in the motion picture or television industry and has been recognized nationally or internationally for those achievements.

    The O nonimmigrant classification are commonly referred to as:
    > O-1A: Individuals with an extraordinary ability in the sciences,
    education, business, or athletics (not including the arts, motion pictures or
    television industry);
    > O-1B: Individuals with an extraordinary ability in the arts or
    extraordinary achievement in motion picture or television industry;
    > O-2: Individuals who will accompany an O-1 artist or athlete to assist in a
    specific event or performance; and
    > O-3: Individuals who are the spouse or children of O-1 and O-2 visa
    holders.

  • P-1A Internationally recognized athletes
    The P-1A classification is good option for athletes or coaches who are coming
    temporarily to the United States solely for the purpose of performing at a specific
    athletic competition or theatrical ice skating production as:
    > An individual athlete at an internationally recognized level of
    performance;
    > Part of a group or team at an internationally recognized level of
    performance;
    > A professional athlete;
    > An athlete or coach, as part of a team or franchise that is located in the
    United States and a member of a foreign league or association; or
    > As a professional or amateur athlete coming temporarily to the United
    States solely to perform in a specific theatrical ice skating production or
    tour, individually or as part of a group.
  • P-1B Internationally recognized entertainers or members of internationally
    recognized entertainment groups; and their P-4 Family
    The P-1B classification is for members of an entertainment group that has been
    established for a minimum of one year and recognized internationally as
    outstanding in the discipline for a sustained and substantial period of time.
  • P-2 Performers or Groups Performing under Reciprocal Exchange Program
    The P-2 classification is for artists or entertainers who will perform individually
    or as part of a group under a reciprocal exchange program between an
    organization in the United States and an organization in another country.
  • P-3 Artists or Entertainers Part of a Culturally Unique Program
    The P-3 classification is for artists or entertainers who will perform, teach, or coach, individually or as part of a group, under a program that is culturally unique.
  • TN Professionals; and their Family
    The nonimmigrant USMCA (previously, NAFTA) Professional (TN) visa permits
    citizens of Canada and Mexico to work temporarily in the United States in certain occupations if they have prearranged full-time or part-time job with a U.S. employer (but not self-employment).

  • R-1 Nonimmigrant Religious Workers; and their R-2 Family
    Ministers and non-ministers in religious vocations and occupations may come to the U.S. temporarily for the purpose of performing religious work.

Employment-based immigrant petitions offer a path to lawful permanent resident status or to having a green card. They can be pursued simultaneously or independently of non-immigrant visas. There are situations when it is more sensible to do these first. Like the employment-based nonimmigrant visas, there are several categories of employment-based immigrant visas.

  • First preference (EB-1) for priority workers
    • Individuals with extraordinary ability (self-petition is an option)
    • Outstanding researchers and professors
    • Multinational executives or managers
  • Second preference (EB-2) for professionals holding an advanced degree or with exceptional ability.
    • National Interest Waivers for employees who qualify (self-petition is an option)
    • PERM application process
  • Third preference (EB-3) for skilled workers, professionals, or other workers
    • PERM application process
  • Fourth preference (EB-4) for special immigrants (includes religious workers,
    broadcasters, international organization employees, physicians, etc.)
  • Fifth preference (EB-5) Investors
    EB-5 immigrant investors are those who have invested or are actively in the
    process of investing $1,050,000 (or $800,000 in a targeted employment area or infrastructure project) in a new commercial enterprise that will benefit the U.S. economy and create at least 10 full-time positions for qualifying employees.
  • Visas for accompanying spouse and unmarried minor child

Family-based immigration category allows U.S. citizens and green card holders to bring certain family members to the United States. U.S. citizens can bring their fiancé(e) to the United States in a nonimmigrant category and upon arriving here and getting married, apply for a lawful permanent resident status.

The American Immigration Council studies the manifold contributions of family-based immigrants to the U.S. economy, local communities, and the national fabric. “They account for a significant portion of domestic economic growth, contribute to the well-being of the current and future labor force, play a key role in business development and community improvement, and are among the most upwardly mobile segments of the labor force.” The Advantages of Family-Based Immigration

Family-based petitions include petitions for:

  • Spouse, child, parent, sister or brother of a U.S. citizen
  • Spouse or unmarried minor child of a lawful permanent resident/green card
    holder
  • Fiancé(e) Visa

Waivers and other reliefs remove barriers to admissibility or eligibility for a green card, such as unlawful presence, misrepresentation, a criminal background, or the two-year home residency requirement.

  • J-1 Waivers
    J-1 exchange visitors can be subject to the two-year home-country physical
    presence, which needs to be waived before changing status to certain types of nonimmigrant status or applying for permanent resident status.  The positive determination of U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security are necessary to obtain a waiver. The five bases five bases for waiver recommendation are:
    • No Objection Statement
    • Request by an Interested U.S. Federal Government Agency
    • Persecution
    • Exceptional Hardship to a U.S. Citizen (or lawful permanent resident)
      Spouse or Child of an Exchange Visitor; and
    • Request by a Designated State Public Health Department or its Equivalent
      (Conrad State 30 Program)
  • I-601 and I-601A Extreme Hardship Waivers, and Parole in Plac

    An I-601 waiver application can be used by certain immigrant or K visa
    applicants who are relatives of certain U.S. citizens or lawful permanent
    residents to overcome certain ineligibility grounds, e.g., fraud or
    misrepresentation, certain criminal grounds, etc., which prevent them from
    acquiring lawful permanent resident status.

    I-601A waiver applications, on the other hand, can only address the unlawful
    presence grounds of inadmissibility. Its approval by the U.S. Department of
    Homeland Security is necessary because departing the United States to appear at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate for an immigrant visa interview will trigger the 3-year or 10-year bar.

    A grant of Parole in Place has the same effect as an approval of an I-601A
    waiver application but the applicant can remain and adjust status as a lawful

    permanent resident in the United States. It only gives relief to the spouse,
    widow(er), parent, son, or daughter of one of the following service members:

    • Active-duty member of the U.S. armed forces
    • Individual in the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve
    • Individual who (whether still living or deceased) previously served on active duty or in the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve and was not dishonorably discharged
  • I-212 Applications
    An I-212 application asks the government for its consent to reapply for
    admission to the United States and lawfully return to the country. It is filed for certain people with deportation or removal orders to pave the way for the
    filing of an I-601A waiver application.
  • VAWA (Violence Against Women Act) for female or male survivors of domestic abuse
    Under the federal Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), the following victims
    of battery or extreme cruelty are eligible to become a lawful permanent resident(get a Green Card):
    • A U.S. citizen spouse or former spouse;
    • A U.S. citizen parent;
    • A U.S. citizen son or daughter;
    • A lawful permanent resident (LPR) spouse or former spouse; or
    • An LPR parent.
  • U Visa for victims of certain crimes
    The U nonimmigrant status (U visa) is set aside for victims of certain crimes who have suffered mental or physical abuse and are helpful to law enforcement or government officials in the investigation or prosecution of qualifying criminal activities.

    Qualifying Criminal Activities
    • Abduction
    • Abusive Sexual Contact
    • Blackmail
    • Domestic Violence
    • Extortion
    • False Imprisonment
    • Female Genital Mutilation
    • Felonious Assault
    • Fraud in Foreign Labor Contracting
    • Hostage
    • Incest
    • Involuntary Servitude
    • Kidnapping
    • Manslaughter
    • Murder
    • Obstruction of Justice
    • Peonage
    • Perjury
    • Prostitution
    • Rape
    • Sexual Assault
    • Sexual Exploitation
    • Slave Trade
    • Stalking
    • Torture
    • Trafficking
    • Witness Tampering
    • Unlawful Criminal Restraint
    • Other Related Crimes*†
      • *Includes any similar activity where the elements of the crime are substantially similar.
  • DACA represents the most tangible possibility for undocumented youth to access legal employment and a safe space against deportation.
  • DACA recipients can apply for an advance parole document for employment,
    humanitarian, and educational reasons, such as studying abroad, attending
    conferences, service learning, or immersion experiences, etc.
  • Still, receiving a DACA grant does not lead to a lawful permanent resident status. “Immigration policy in the United States related to undocumented students has been a front-burner political issue for at least four decades now…However, changes to permanent policies have been slow and, as a result, the laws and public policies surrounding these issues do not reflect current statistics and needs…
    Reform should include a path to citizenship. Otherwise, it will result in a new underclass of citizens who are not free to vote and participate as full citizens.”
    Siscar, A. and Yoo, S. 2017. “Becoming Allies in Eradicating Long-Standing Legal Barriers.” In Undocumented and In College, edited by Terry-Ann Jones and Laura Nichols, 56-83. New York. Fordham University Press.
  • F Visa for Academic Students
  • M Visa for Vocational Students
  • J Visa for Exchange Students
  • Visa for spouse and accompanying unmarried child

Becoming a U.S. Citizen is the culmination of an immigrant’s journey in the United
States. Taking the Oath of Allegiance is an empowering moment for the newly minted
citizen, their family, and their community. It vests the right of suffrage giving the holder a
voice and a pen to use in choosing the leaders of the nation.

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security offers plenty of resources for interested
applicants for naturalization through its Citizenship Resource Center which lays out
important rights and responsibilities of citizenship and the reasons to consider becoming
a citizen, the different ways to obtain citizenship, and information on the naturalization
test and interview.

There are many special rules, and we will help you navigate them. There are people who
have already acquired U.S. Citizenship at birth or after birth. Current or former members
of the U.S. military to whom certain other naturalization requirements, e.g., physical
presence, may not apply. There are people with certain kinds of disability who are
exempted from taking the test. There are strategies to keep your timetable for becoming a
U.S. Citizen if your job requires you to stay outside the country. There are many other
nuances in the law that could either become opportunities that we will help you take or
pitfalls that we will guide you to avoid.

  • E-1 Treaty Traders
    The E-1 nonimmigrant classification allows a national of a treaty country (a
    country with which the United States maintains a treaty of commerce and
    navigation, or which the United States maintains a qualifying international
    agreement, or which has been deemed a qualifying country by legislation) to be admitted to the United States solely to engage in international trade on his or her own behalf. Certain employees of such a person or of a qualifying organization may also be eligible for this classification.

    See U.S. Department of State's Treaty Countries for a current list of countries with
    which the United States maintains a treaty of commerce and navigation.

  • E-2 Treaty Investors
    The E-2 nonimmigrant classification allows a national of a treaty country (a

    country with which the United States maintains a treaty of commerce and
    navigation, or with which the United States maintains a qualifying international
    agreement, or which has been deemed a qualifying country by legislation) to be admitted to the United States when investing a substantial amount of capital in a U.S. business. Certain employees of such a person or of a qualifying organization may also be eligible for this classification. 

    See U.S. Department of State's Treaty Countries for a current list of countries with
    which the United States maintains a treaty of commerce and navigation.

  • E-3 Certain Specialty Occupation professionals from Australia
    The E-3 nonimmigrant classification is for nationals of Australia who have a
    legitimate offer of employment in a specialty occupation in the United States.
  • H-1B Specialty Occupations and Professional Workers (Professors and non-
    Professors)
    The H-1B nonimmigrant classification authorizes the beneficiary to work and
    perform services in a specialty occupation, services of exceptional merit and
    ability relating to a Department of Defense (DOD) cooperative research and
    development project, or services as a fashion model of distinguished merit or ability.

    H-1B petitions can be portable from one job to another whether they are currently employed or have been terminated (within a specific time; see Options for Nonimmigrant Workers Following Termination of Employment for further information).

  • L-1A and L-1B Intracompany Transfers; and their L-2 FamilyThe L-1A nonimmigrant classification enables a U.S. employer to transfer an
    executive or manager from one of its affiliated foreign offices to one of its offices
    in the United States. This classification also enables a foreign company that does
    not yet have an affiliated U.S. office to send an executive or manager to the
    United States with the purpose of establishing one.

    The L-1B nonimmigrant classification enables a U.S. employer to transfer a
    professional employee with specialized knowledge relating to the organization’s
    interests from one of its affiliated foreign offices to one of its offices in the United States. This classification also enables a foreign company that does not yet have an affiliated U.S. office to send a specialized knowledge employee to the United States to help establish one.

    The L-2 nonimmigrant classification is for the spouse and unmarried children
    (who are under 21 years of age) who are accompanying the L-1A and L-1B
    nonimmigrant.

  • O-1 Individuals with Extraordinary Ability or Achievement; and their O-2 Team and O-3 Family
    The O-1 nonimmigrant visa is for the individual who possesses extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics, or who has a demonstrated record of extraordinary achievement in the motion picture or television industry and has been recognized nationally or internationally for those achievements.

    The O nonimmigrant classification are commonly referred to as:
    > O-1A: Individuals with an extraordinary ability in the sciences,
    education, business, or athletics (not including the arts, motion pictures or
    television industry);
    > O-1B: Individuals with an extraordinary ability in the arts or
    extraordinary achievement in motion picture or television industry;
    > O-2: Individuals who will accompany an O-1 artist or athlete to assist in a
    specific event or performance; and
    > O-3: Individuals who are the spouse or children of O-1 and O-2 visa
    holders.

  • P-1A Internationally recognized athletes
    The P-1A classification is good option for athletes or coaches who are coming
    temporarily to the United States solely for the purpose of performing at a specific
    athletic competition or theatrical ice skating production as:
    > An individual athlete at an internationally recognized level of
    performance;
    > Part of a group or team at an internationally recognized level of
    performance;
    > A professional athlete;
    > An athlete or coach, as part of a team or franchise that is located in the
    United States and a member of a foreign league or association; or
    > As a professional or amateur athlete coming temporarily to the United
    States solely to perform in a specific theatrical ice skating production or
    tour, individually or as part of a group.
  • P-1B Internationally recognized entertainers or members of internationally
    recognized entertainment groups; and their P-4 Family
    The P-1B classification is for members of an entertainment group that has been
    established for a minimum of one year and recognized internationally as
    outstanding in the discipline for a sustained and substantial period of time.
  • P-2 Performers or Groups Performing under Reciprocal Exchange Program
    The P-2 classification is for artists or entertainers who will perform individually
    or as part of a group under a reciprocal exchange program between an
    organization in the United States and an organization in another country.
  • P-3 Artists or Entertainers Part of a Culturally Unique Program
    The P-3 classification is for artists or entertainers who will perform, teach, or coach, individually or as part of a group, under a program that is culturally unique.
  • TN Professionals; and their Family
    The nonimmigrant USMCA (previously, NAFTA) Professional (TN) visa permits
    citizens of Canada and Mexico to work temporarily in the United States in certain occupations if they have prearranged full-time or part-time job with a U.S. employer (but not self-employment).

  • R-1 Nonimmigrant Religious Workers; and their R-2 Family
    Ministers and non-ministers in religious vocations and occupations may come to the U.S. temporarily for the purpose of performing religious work.
  •  

Employment-based immigrant petitions offer a path to lawful permanent resident status or to having a green card. They can be pursued simultaneously or independently of non-immigrant visas. There are situations when it is more sensible to do these first. Like the employment-based nonimmigrant visas, there are several categories of employment-based immigrant visas.

  • First preference (EB-1) for priority workers
    • Individuals with extraordinary ability (self-petition is an option)
    • Outstanding researchers and professors
    • Multinational executives or managers
  • Second preference (EB-2) for professionals holding an advanced degree or with exceptional ability.
    • National Interest Waivers for employees who qualify (self-petition is an option)
    • PERM application process
  • Third preference (EB-3) for skilled workers, professionals, or other workers
    • PERM application process
  • Fourth preference (EB-4) for special immigrants (includes religious workers,
    broadcasters, international organization employees, physicians, etc.)
  • Fifth preference (EB-5) Investors
    EB-5 immigrant investors are those who have invested or are actively in the
    process of investing $1,050,000 (or $800,000 in a targeted employment area or infrastructure project) in a new commercial enterprise that will benefit the U.S. economy and create at least 10 full-time positions for qualifying employees.
  • Visas for accompanying spouse and unmarried minor child

Family-based immigration category allows U.S. citizens and green card holders to bring certain family members to the United States. U.S. citizens can bring their fiancé(e) to the United States in a nonimmigrant category and upon arriving here and getting married, apply for a lawful permanent resident status.

The American Immigration Council studies the manifold contributions of family-based immigrants to the U.S. economy, local communities, and the national fabric. “They account for a significant portion of domestic economic growth, contribute to the well-being of the current and future labor force, play a key role in business development and community improvement, and are among the most upwardly mobile segments of the labor force.” The Advantages of Family-Based Immigration

Family-based petitions include petitions for:

  • Spouse, child, parent, sister or brother of a U.S. citizen
  • Spouse or unmarried minor child of a lawful permanent resident/green card
    holder
  • Fiancé(e) Visa

Waivers and other reliefs remove barriers to admissibility or eligibility for a green card, such as unlawful presence, misrepresentation, a criminal background, or the two-year home residency requirement.

  • J-1 Waivers
    J-1 exchange visitors can be subject to the two-year home-country physical
    presence, which needs to be waived before changing status to certain types of nonimmigrant status or applying for permanent resident status.  The positive determination of U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security are necessary to obtain a waiver. The five bases five bases for waiver recommendation are:
    • No Objection Statement
    • Request by an Interested U.S. Federal Government Agency
    • Persecution
    • Exceptional Hardship to a U.S. Citizen (or lawful permanent resident)
      Spouse or Child of an Exchange Visitor; and
    • Request by a Designated State Public Health Department or its Equivalent
      (Conrad State 30 Program)
  • I-601 and I-601A Extreme Hardship Waivers, and Parole in Plac

    An I-601 waiver application can be used by certain immigrant or K visa
    applicants who are relatives of certain U.S. citizens or lawful permanent
    residents to overcome certain ineligibility grounds, e.g., fraud or
    misrepresentation, certain criminal grounds, etc., which prevent them from
    acquiring lawful permanent resident status.

    I-601A waiver applications, on the other hand, can only address the unlawful
    presence grounds of inadmissibility. Its approval by the U.S. Department of
    Homeland Security is necessary because departing the United States to appear at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate for an immigrant visa interview will trigger the 3-year or 10-year bar.

    A grant of Parole in Place has the same effect as an approval of an I-601A
    waiver application but the applicant can remain and adjust status as a lawful

    permanent resident in the United States. It only gives relief to the spouse,
    widow(er), parent, son, or daughter of one of the following service members:

    • Active-duty member of the U.S. armed forces
    • Individual in the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve
    • Individual who (whether still living or deceased) previously served on active duty or in the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve and was not dishonorably discharged
  • I-212 Applications
    An I-212 application asks the government for its consent to reapply for
    admission to the United States and lawfully return to the country. It is filed for certain people with deportation or removal orders to pave the way for the
    filing of an I-601A waiver application.
  • VAWA (Violence Against Women Act) for female or male survivors of domestic abuse
    Under the federal Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), the following victims
    of battery or extreme cruelty are eligible to become a lawful permanent resident(get a Green Card):
    • A U.S. citizen spouse or former spouse;
    • A U.S. citizen parent;
    • A U.S. citizen son or daughter;
    • A lawful permanent resident (LPR) spouse or former spouse; or
    • An LPR parent.
  • U Visa for victims of certain crimes
    The U nonimmigrant status (U visa) is set aside for victims of certain crimes who have suffered mental or physical abuse and are helpful to law enforcement or government officials in the investigation or prosecution of qualifying criminal activities.

    Qualifying Criminal Activities
    • Abduction
    • Abusive Sexual Contact
    • Blackmail
    • Domestic Violence
    • Extortion
    • False Imprisonment
    • Female Genital Mutilation
    • Felonious Assault
    • Fraud in Foreign Labor Contracting
    • Hostage
    • Incest
    • Involuntary Servitude
    • Kidnapping
    • Manslaughter
    • Murder
    • Obstruction of Justice
    • Peonage
    • Perjury
    • Prostitution
    • Rape
    • Sexual Assault
    • Sexual Exploitation
    • Slave Trade
    • Stalking
    • Torture
    • Trafficking
    • Witness Tampering
    • Unlawful Criminal Restraint
    • Other Related Crimes*†
      • *Includes any similar activity where the elements of the crime are substantially similar.
  • DACA represents the most tangible possibility for undocumented youth to access legal employment and a safe space against deportation.
  • DACA recipients can apply for an advance parole document for employment,
    humanitarian, and educational reasons, such as studying abroad, attending
    conferences, service learning, or immersion experiences, etc.
  • Still, receiving a DACA grant does not lead to a lawful permanent resident status. “Immigration policy in the United States related to undocumented students has been a front-burner political issue for at least four decades now...However, changes to permanent policies have been slow and, as a result, the laws and public policies surrounding these issues do not reflect current statistics and needs…
    Reform should include a path to citizenship. Otherwise, it will result in a new underclass of citizens who are not free to vote and participate as full citizens.”
    Siscar, A. and Yoo, S. 2017. “Becoming Allies in Eradicating Long-Standing Legal Barriers.” In Undocumented and In College, edited by Terry-Ann Jones and Laura Nichols, 56-83. New York. Fordham University Press.
  • F Visa for Academic Students
  • M Visa for Vocational Students
  • J Visa for Exchange Students
  • Visa for spouse and accompanying unmarried child